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Journal of Transcultural Nursing
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What's this?

Ensuring Cross-Cultural Equivalence in Translation of Research Consents and Clinical Documents

A Systematic Process for Translating English to Chinese

Cheng-Chih Lee, MS, RN

University of California, San Francisco

Denise Li, PhD, RN

California State University, East Bay

Shoshana Arai, PhD, RN

University of California, San Francisco

Kathleen Puntillo, DNSc, RN, FAAN

University of California, San Francisco

The aim of this article is to describe a formal process used to translate research study materials from English into traditional Chinese characters. This process may be useful for translating documents for use by both research participants and clinical patients. A modified Brislin model was used as the systematic translation process. Four bilingual translators were involved, and a Flaherty 3-point scale was used to evaluate the translated documents. The linguistic discrepancies that arise in the process of ensuring cross-cultural congruency or equivalency between the two languages are presented to promote the development of patient-accessible cross-cultural documents.

Key Words: cultural research • methodological research • translation • recruit and retain participants

This version was published on January 1, 2009

Journal of Transcultural Nursing, Vol. 20, No. 1, 77-82 (2009)
DOI: 10.1177/1043659608325852
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